Surfactants in the environment. [157] This is a step in the right direction, but is not comprehensive regulation. For more information on these ingredients, see their individual entries. Retrieved from https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/chemicals/bisphenol-bpa, [50] The Endocrine Disruptor Exchange, (TEDX). Common hazardous substances in the workplace include: acids; caustic substances; disinfectants; glues; heavy metals, including mercury, lead, cadmium and aluminium; paint; pesticides; petroleum products; solvents. (Vol. DEET. [102] Springer, C., Dere, E., Hall, S. J., McDonnell, E. V., Roberts, S. C., Butt, C. M., . Accessed Jan 26, 2018. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 47(2), 267-278. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2008.11.011, [39] Gagné, F. (2014). Accessed Jun 20, 2017. See: Per- and Polyfluoralkyl Substances (PFAS) and read more about PFOA here. (2017). Soots, tars, and mineral oils (untreated and mildly treated oils and used engine oils). A petrochemical solvent linked to short-term problems like headaches, confusion, fatigue,[309] and eye, nose and throat irritation;[310]and long-term health impacts like kidney and liver damage,[311]reproductive harm,[312],[313] and developmental toxicity. . (2017). Polysorbates (Polysorbate 20, Polysorbate 40, Polysorbate 60, Polysorbate 80, etc. (2015). Quaternary ammonium disinfectants cause subfertility in mice by targeting both male and female reproductive processes. (2012). If you know the name of the chemical you are looking for find it in the alphabetical table below. International Journal of Andrology, 35(3), 424-436. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2605.2012.01280.x, [196] The Endocrine Disruption Exchange, (TEDX). Dioxins and their effects on human health. Many common fragrance ingredients, like phthalates (see: Phthalates) and synthetic musks (see: Synthetic Musks), are toxic to human health. Retrieved from http://www.ewg.org/research/not-so-sexy, [304] Moon, H., Lee, D., Lee, Y. S., & Kannan, K. (2011). Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/health/sites/health/files/scientific_committees/consumer_safety/docs/sccs_o_090.pdf, [22] Center for Science in the Public Interest. Environment International, 28(5), 337-348. doi:10.1016/S0160-4120(02)00032-6, [295] Yuan, C. L., Xu, Z. Nellemann, C. (2008). (2017). Available from https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/chemicals/cadmium, [63] Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, (OEHHA). Retrieved from http://greensciencepolicy.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/GSP-FR-factsheet-June-2013.pdf, [114] Green Science Policy Institute. Example antibacterials and antimicrobials not permitted: Artificial colors can be derived from coal tar (see: Coal Tar Ingredients), but are more commonly made from petroleum. State of the science of endocrine disrupting chemicals – 2012: An assessment of the state of the science of endocrine disruptors prepared by a group of experts for the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and WHO. 22(2) Retrieved from https://www.beyondpesticides.org/assets/media/documents/pesticides/factsheets/deet.pdf, [85] Beyond Pesticides & National Coalition Against the Misuse of Pesticides. Accessed Jan 30, 2018. Foam is also usually treated with toxic flame retardants (see: Flame Retardants). Found in skin-lightening creams and is linked to cancer,[135] organ toxicity,[136] and skin irritation. (2018). (2008). Safety assessment of PEGs cocamine and related ingredients as used in cosmetics. (2017). Butylated hydroxyanisole. Flavor formulations also contain ingredients called adjuvants[36] that are not intended to provide taste, like emulsifiers, solvents, preservatives, flavor modifiers, and more. [66] Bleach is harmful to aquatic life, both acutely and chronically. Artificial flavors are comprised of ingredients that appear to be chemically identical to naturally-occurring flavors. . . [180],[181] Many means of exposure, including oral and dermal, have been associated with cancer in many species of lab animals. GMO 2.0: Synthetic biology A guide to protecting natural products. The MADE SAFE Hazard List™ of Chemicals, Materials and Ingredients names some of the worst toxic chemical offenders across product categories, as well as chemicals we frequently receive questions about, including what they are, where they’re found, and how they impact human or environmental health, and aquatic or animal life. Retrieved from https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredient/703977/MINERAL_OIL/#.WlUKujfauDQ, [150] Concin, N., Hofstetter, G., Plattner, B., Tomovski, C., Fiselier, K., Gerritzen, K., . 10.1111/1346-8138.13066 Retrieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1346-8138.13066, [362] Final report on the safety assessment of phenoxyethanol. Search the TEDX list: PFOA. The list of EHS chemicals can be found at 40 CFR 355 Appendix A (alphabetical order) and Appendix B (CAS number order). Naphthalene General Fact Sheet. . (2005). Environmental Science & Technology, 48(6), 3541. Accessed Jan 31, 2018. Environmental Health Perspectives, 120(12), 1711. Centers for Disease Control. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/health/ph_risk/committees/04_sccp/docs/sccp_o_159.pdf, [213] Scientific Committee on Consumer Products, (SCCS). Retrieved from http://endocrinedisruption.org/interactive-tools/tedx-list-of-potential-endocrine-disruptors/search-the-tedx-list, [133] Environment and Climate Change Canada. The in vitro estrogenic activities of triclosan and triclocarban. Fourteenth report on carcinogens. (2012) Opinion on nitrosamines and secondary amines in cosmetic products. Retrieved from https://www.safecosmetics.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Pretty-Scary.pdf, [175] ASEAN Cosmetics Association. Please read these related areas on this site: Waste Disposal and Chemical Information. How do you know if a chemical is hazardous? WHO Regional Office for Europe. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. Accessed Jun 27, 2017. FDA news release: FDA warns consumers against using Mommy’s Bliss Nipple Cream. Retrieved from https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/chemicals/formaldehyde-gas, [123] National Cancer Institute. Notification No. (2007). Endocrinology, 149(3), 1173-1179. doi:10.1210/en.2007-1057, [317] Christen, V., Crettaz, P., Oberli-Schrämmli, A., & Fent, K. (2010). Chemicals of high concern list. . Centers for Disease Control. Search engine for the results of domestic substances categorization: retinoic acid. You may not reproduce, distribute, publicly display, modify or otherwise use these materials for any commercial purpose without prior permission from Nontoxic Certified. Reproductive Toxicology, 59, 159-166. doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2015.10.006, [18] Melin, V. E., Melin, T. E., Dessify, B. J., Nguyen, C. T., Shea, C. S., & Hrubec, T. C. (2016). (2012) Opinion on nitrosamines and secondary amines in cosmetic products. Resorcinol is associated with endocrine disruption. 10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.11.007. Accessed Jan 11, 2018. An antibacterial chemical mostly found in hand soap and hand sanitizer (see: Antibacterials and Antimicrobials). Search the TEX list: Furan. Chemicals considered or listed under proposition 65: Dioxin. Perinatal toxicity of cyfluthrin in mice: Developmental and behavioral effects. These ingredients are subject to our screening process. Accessed Jan 26, 2018. Accessed Jan 30, 2018. (1995). Centers for Disease Control. (2016). All POPs listed in the Stockholm convention. [287] Other siloxanes have some evidence of endocrine disrupting capabilities. Most of the individually numbered regulations in subparts H and Z address specific materials used in a variety of circumstances, or present in a variety of facilities. Retrieved from https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/TP.asp?id=787&tid=153, [275] Beyond Pesticides. Retrieved from http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/128169/e94535.pdf, [167] World Health Organization, (WHO). Because of this uncertainty, MADE SAFE exercises the precautionary principle and doesn’t permit this ingredient. (2012) Opinion on nitrosamines and secondary amines in cosmetic products. Prenatal exposure to PBDEs and neurodevelopment. Synthetic antioxidants used to extend shelf life. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dioxins-and-their-effects-on-human-health, [346] World Health Organization, (WHO). . . World Health Organization. [328] Read more. Nitrosamines. Retrieved from https://endocrinedisruption.org/interactive-tools/tedx-list-of-potential-endocrine-disruptors/search-the-tedx-list, [246] The Endocrine Disruption Exchange, (TEDX). (n.d.) Dioxins and furans. IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans: Cadmium and cadmium compounds. Naphthalene. (2010). For these reasons, we are very careful about the preservatives we allow in products. [53] Found in baby bottles, sippy cups, and other feeding containers, plastic food packaging, and canned food liners. Centers for Disease Control. PVC, often called vinyl, is a type of plastic that’s widely known as the most toxic plastic for health and the environment. (2017). (2015). California Environmental Protection Agency. Screening assessment for the challenge dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6). 100F). Accessed Jan 30, 2018. Retrieved from http://sinlist.chemsec.org/, [56] Chemsec: The International Chemical Secretariat. However, in some cases, MADE SAFE does allow 100 percent food-grade silicone. Some PEGs enhance penetrability of the ingredient itself, or for other ingredients into the skin. (n.d). Examples of each follow: Physical Hazards. Retrieved from http://www.chemhat.org/en/chemical/123-31-9/hydroquinone, [136] National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, Japan. Artificial flavors are found in cosmetics, flavored lip gloss and lip balm, flavored condoms and lube, food, and more. Exposure code lookup. Accessed Jan 29, 2018. Retrieved from https://ecology.wa.gov/Regulations-Permits/Reporting-requirements/Reporting-for-Childrens-Safe-Products-Act/Chemicals-of-high-concern-to-children, [201] Minnesota Department of Health. Retrieved from https://www.wholefoodsmarket.com/content/fda-warns-consumers-against-using-mommys-bliss-nipple-cream. Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, 61(1), 95-110. doi:10.2478/10004-1254-61-2010-1943, [294] Cserháti, T., Forgács, E., & Oros, G. (2002). [237] Permethrin is very toxic to wildlife, [238]particularly bees, aquatic life, and cats. Retrieved from https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-09/documents/naphthalene.pdf, [165] Environmental Protection Agency, (EPA). [208],[209],[210][211] The ingredient is also a contact allergen[212] and photoallergen,[213] meaning exposure to light is required to generate an allergic response. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/health/sites/health/files/scientific_committees/consumer_safety/docs/sccs_o_090.pdf, [126] Environmental Protection Agency, (EPA). Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 71(8), 1027-1033. doi:10.1292/jvms.71.1027, [219] Wang, Z., DeWitt, J. C., Higgins, C. P., & Cousins, I. T. (2017). . Final report of the amended safety assessment of quaternium-15 as used in cosmetics. (2008). European Commission. 302-79-4 (all-trans-retinoic acid) and 79-81-2 (all-trans-retinyl palmitate)] in SKH-1 mice (simulated solar light and topical application study): NTP TR 568. (2010). (1996). 1. Retrieved from http://www.safe.nite.go.jp/english/ghs/all_fy_e.html, [137] National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, Japan. Toxicological profile for ammonia. (n.d.). Environmental Sciences Europe, 27(4), 1-6. Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology, 27(2), 124-136. doi:10.1002/jbt.21439. European Commission. Retrieved from http://sinlist.chemsec.org/, [226] The Endocrine Disruptor Exchange, (TEDX). Paraben esters: Review of recent studies of endocrine toxicity, absorption, esterase and human exposure, and discussion of potential human health risks. [32] Red 3, though recognized as a carcinogen by the FDA and banned in cosmetics, is still allowed for use in foods. Many of those ingredients are also found within this list. BBC. [315],[316],[317],[318],[319],[320],[321],[322] These ingredients are also toxic to the aquatic environment. Search engine for the results of domestic substances list categorization: Triclocarban. You must keep a current and updated chemical register, and store it along with your safety data sheet - and make sure they are always accessible to workers. World Health Organization. Chemicals considered or listed under proposition 65: Tris (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP). Retrieved from https://www.ec.gc.ca/lcpe-cepa/eng/subs_list/DSL/DSLsearch.cfm, [326] Environmental Protection Agency, (EPA). Parabens. Formaldehyde.100F, 401-436. Retrieved from https://cspinet.org/sites/default/files/attachment/food-dyes-rainbow-of-risks.pdf, [23] McCann, D., Barrett, A., Cooper, A., Crumpler, D., Dalen, L., Grimshaw, K., . Government of Canada. Identification of benzethonium chloride in commercial grapefruit seed extracts. Search engine for the results of domestic substances categorization: 6197-30-4. Retrieved from http://sinlist.chemsec.org/, [344] Health Canada. National Institutes of Health U.S. National Library of Medicine. Accessed Oct 15, 2017. We evaluate each preservative individually to determine if it’s a MADE SAFE certified ingredient. . Short-term exposure to triclosan decreases thyroxine in vivo via upregulation of hepatic catabolism in young long-evans rats. These materials are owned by Nontoxic Certified and are subject to copyright protection. Search the SIN (substitute it now) list: octinoxate. Many hazardous chemicals are also classified as dangerous goods. Control of nanoscale materials under the toxic substances control act. Retrieved from http://www.safe.nite.go.jp/english/ghs/all_fy_e.html, [68] World Health Organization, (WHO). Report on carcinogens, fourteenth edition: Butylated hydroxyanisole. Occupational exposure to cadmium: Section V. health effects. Accessed Jan 25, 2018. Washington DC: U.S. Department of Labor. Parabens mimic estrogen in the body. These ingredients are designed to kill germs and are frequently used in products that claim to be “antimicrobial” or “antibacterial,” like antibacterial soaps, detergents, house-cleaners, hand sanitizers and other similar products (see: Antibacterials & Antimicrobials). It is primarily used in plastics (see: Plastics), rubber, and styrofoam. (2017). Accessed Oct 15, 2017. Retrieved from http://chm.pops.int/TheConvention/ThePOPs/AllPOPs/tabid/2509/Default.aspx, [224] The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants. Accessed Mar 12, 2018. . [299] MADE SAFE believes that synthetic biology sits at the intersection of engineering, biotechnology, chemistry, and genetics. Preservatives that help prevent microbial growth. Aluminum chlorohydrate is one of the most common aluminum compounds used in cosmetics, especially in antiperspirants. Retrieved from https://1bps6437gg8c169i0y1drtgz-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SynbioFreeCompanyGuide.pdf, [300] Friends of the Earth. Quick and easy access to the chemical inventory list and safety data sheets allows employees to find important information about the chemicals … Under the conditions of intended use – new developments in the FEMA GRAS program and the safety assessment of flavor ingredients. Toxicological profile for ammonia. It is also found in pressed wood products like particleboard,[126] furniture, and cabinets, and personal care and salon products like shampoos, liquid baby soaps, nail polish, nail hardener, nail glue, eyelash glue, and chemical hair straighteners.[127]. Policy for Nanomaterials in Food and Food Packaging. Infant exposure to emissions of volatile organic compounds from crib mattresses. [297] The EU also bans some surfactants based on their biodegradability. Standards for cosmetics. Safety evaluation of polyethylene glycol (PEG) compounds for cosmetic use. (n.d.) Dioxins and furans. [34] All three colorings can be contaminated with chemicals that are carcinogens.[35]. Effects of early life permethrin exposure on spatial working memory and on monoamine levels in different brain areas of pre-senescent rats. 82). (2014). National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. Screening assessment for the challenge: Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4). Many are potent neurotoxicants and have been linked to hormone disruption. Opinion on the safety of aluminum in cosmetic products. (2017). [363] The FDA received no reports of injury, but released the statement due to potential harm. Government of Canada. Search the TEDX list: 80-05-7 bisphenol A. Accessed September 25, 2017. Retrieved from http://fluoridealert.org/wp-content/pesticides/epage.beta.cyfluthrin.effct.htm, [75] Beyond Pesticides. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, 48(1), 35-56. doi:10.1080/009841096161456, [84] Beyond Pesticides & National Coalition Against the Misuse of Pesticides. (2017). Environmental Health Perspectives, 120(12), 1711. Environmental Health Perspectives, 121(2), 257-262. doi:10.1289/ehp.1205597, [104] Herbstman, J. (2017). [261] PEG compounds often appear notated as PEG followed by a number (ex: PEG-40) or as PEG followed by a number and then another ingredient (ex: PEG-20 cocamine). Retrieved from http://endocrinedisruption.org/interactive-tools/tedx-list-of-potential-endocrine-disruptors/search-the-tedx-list, [206] Environment and Climate Change Canada. . [150] In the manufacturing process, mineral oil products can also be contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,[151] some of which are known or potential carcinogens. See their individual entries for more information: Surfactants are ingredients that help things suds or lather. Contact dermatitis due to ultrasound gel: A case report and published work review. 100F). (2005). Silanes are modified silicon compounds. Ciccocioppo, R. (2013). FDA’s testing of cosmetics for arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, lead, mercury and nickel content. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/health/sites/health/files/scientific_committees/consumer_safety/docs/sccs_o_090.pdf, [191] Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety, (SCCS). , Exposure to chemicals can cause acute or long-term detrimental health effects. Emissions of amides (N,N-dimethylformamide and formamide) and other obnoxious volatile organic compounds from different mattress textile products. Subchronic dermal application of N,N-diethyl m-toluamide (DEET) and permethrin to adult rats, alone or in combination, causes diffuse neuronal cell death and cytoskeletal abnormalities in the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus, and purkinje neuron loss in the cerebellum. [130] MADE SAFE permits grapefruit seed extract when 100 percent naturally derived and unadulterated; synthetic forms are the only forms of this ingredient that are not permitted. Retrieved from http://fluoridealert.org/studies/brain01/, [117] Grandjean, P., & Landrigan, P. (2014). Bisphenol S disrupts estradiol-induced nongenomic signaling in a rat pituitary cell line: Effects on cell functions. Neurobehavioral effects of developmental toxicity. Unfortunately there are times where we find that manufacturing processes and ingredient practices haven’t caught up with MADE SAFE’s stringent standards and where there is no safer available substitution for the function of a certain ingredient. [141] Methylisothiazolinone is a potential endocrine disruptor.[142]. Pretty scary: Could Halloween face paint cause lifelong health problems? The list of TRI chemicals can be found at 40 CFR 372.65. However, most would agree that we need products to be preserved to last a reasonable length of time on the shelf and in our cabinets. Chemicals considered or listed under proposition 65: Di-isodecyl phthalate (DIDP). That is why we look at in what capacity a shopper interacts with and uses a product, per the manufacturer’s guidelines, so that we can assess the issues unique to each and every product. (1998). (2013). (2009). [158] The dramatic difference in size can also cause nanoparticles of a substance to behave differently than larger particles of the same substance. (2002). Chemicals Considered or Listed Under Proposition 65: Talc containing asbestiform fibers. . California Environmental Protection Agency. Environmental Science & Technology, 48(6), 3541. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/health/sites/health/files/scientific_committees/consumer_safety/docs/sccs_o_090.pdf, [182] Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety, (SCCS). Chemicals that include the clauses xynol, ceteareth, and oleth are also commonly contaminated. Retrieved from https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/phs/phs.asp?id=243&tid=44, [173] Zug, K. A., McGinley-Smith, D., Warshaw, E. M., Taylor, J. S., Rietschel, R. L., Maibach, H. I., . (2017). [149] It is often used n spa services, like manicures and facials, and in personal care products like baby oil and cosmetics. Pretty scary: Could Halloween face paint cause lifelong health problems? (2017). Toxicological profile for pyrethrins and pyrethroids. SECOND Look up the common names of these chemicals on the Right to Know Hazardous Substances List. Toluene (C6H5CH3) CAS 108-88-3; UN 1294. Because they are protected under federal law’s classification of trade secrets, individual ingredients in flavor formulations can go undisclosed, and can simply be listed as “artificial flavor” on packaging. Toxicological Research, 31(2), 105-136. doi:10.5487/TR.2015.31.2.105, [267] Boor, B. E., Järnström, H., Novoselac, A., & Xu, Y. Prenatal exposure to organohalogens, including brominated flame retardants, influences motor, cognitive, and behavioral performance at school age. Oxybenzone is an endocrine disruptor, acting on multiple mechanisms of endocrine disruption. (2017). [139],[140] Methylchloroisothiazolinone is toxic to aquatic life. Used Oil. Commercially made grapefruit seed extract often includes synthetic antimicrobials or preservatives. (2014). Retrieved from https://www.epa.govt.nz/database-search/approved-hazardous-substances-with-controls/view/2822, [360] Environmental Protection Authority. Free Radical Research, 44(3), 304-312. doi:10.3109/10715760903486065, [41] The Endocrine Disruptor Exchange, (TEDX). Sunscreens: Are they beneficial for health? Mineral oil consists mainly of hydrocarbons, which can pass the skin barrier and be absorbed. Retrieved from https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp.asp?id=86&tid=21, [101] Patisaul, H. B., Roberts, S. C., Mabrey, N., McCaffrey, K. A., Gear, R. B., Braun, J., . and Fact Sheets.] [57],[58],[59] BHT is closely related to BHA; there are many existing data gaps in the research on this ingredient. Retrieved from http://greensciencepolicy.org/topics/flame-retardants/, [113] Green Science Policy Institute. Naphthalene. Report of the board of review for decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (siloxane D5). Accumulation and endocrine disrupting effects of the flame retardant mixture Firemaster® 550 in rats: An exploratory assessment. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 47(2), 267-278. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2008.11.011, [37] Andrews, D. (2018). Hazardous Chemicals. Retrieved from https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5783e9b9be6594e480435ffe/t/58f44912c534a59e933441dc/1492404500912/OverexposedAndUnderinformed.pdf, [312] Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, (ATSDR). There is little scientific information on the neurological, reproductive, and developmental effects of dermal exposure to ammonia. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/ceh/publications/endocrine/en/, [244] The Endocrine Disruption Exchange, (TEDX). (2018). Chemical Abstract No. Retrieved from https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/chemicals/toluene, [315] Ahn, K. C., Zhao, B., Chen, J., Cherednichenko, G., Sanmarti, E., Denison, M. S., . Read more. [206] (See: Sunscreen Chemicals.). Accessed Oct 15, 2017. [98] They also include PEGs like polysorbates (see: Polyethylene Glycol Compounds). Retrieved from https://www.bcpp.org/resource/parabens/, [216] Oishi, S. (2001). Search the SIN (substitute it now) list: cyclotetrasiloxane. Policy for Nanomaterials in Food and Food Packaging. Retrieved from https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/chemicals/di-n-butyl-phthalate-dbp, [255] Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, (OEHHA). These are linked to a wide range of health problems. (2013). you can skip it– use plain soap and water. (Vol. Search the SIN (substitute it now) list: PFOA. Accessed Nov 20, 2017. Accessed Jan 8, 2018. IARC monographs on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans: Some traditional herbal medicines, some mycotoxins, naphthalene, and styrene. . [230] See more. Example insect repellent ingredients not permitted: The MADE SAFE screening doesn’t allow the inclusion of high-risk pesticides (see: Pesticides). PEG polymers: PEGs followed by a number and another ingredient like PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil, PEG-20 lauramine, PEG-10 Dimethicone, etc. See more. (2018). Because water and oil usually like to remain separate in solution, surfactants can help hold water and oil together in solution. Free radicals can lead to oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation, which can lead to damage of lipids, DNA,[39] and the cell overall. Evidence on development and reproductive toxicity of cadmium. A chemical shell game: how DuPont concealed the dangers of the new Teflon Toxin. A meta-analysis of double-blind placebo-controlled trials. (2016). Centers for Disease Control. Heavy metal ingredient that can be a neurotoxin at high doses and in occupational settings. R.E.D. Accessed Jan 17, 2018. [23],[24],[25],[26] As a result of studies on hyperactivity, the United Kingdom banned a number of food dyes,[27] some of which are still legal in the United States. Retrieved from https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list, [338] Environmental Protection Agency, (EPA). Archives of Disease in Childhood, 89(6), 506-511. doi:10.1136/adc.2003.031435, [27] Ministers agree food colour ban: Ministers have agreed that six artificial food colourings should be phased out after research found a link with hyperactivity in children. Retrieved from http://endocrinedisruption.org/interactive-tools/tedx-list-of-potential-endocrine-disruptors/search-the-tedx-list, [70] Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, (OEHHA). Chemicals considered or listed under proposition 65: Diisononyl phthalate(DINP). Search the TEDX list: dioctyl phthalate. Both are known irritants, sensitizers, and causes of contact skin allergies. Accessed Jan 9, 2018. Estimation Programs Interface Suite™ for Microsoft® Windows, v 4.11. Specific chemicals: Detergents. [114] However, because many flame retardant chemical mixtures are proprietary information, it is difficult to determine the true extent to which flame retardants may cause human health and environmental issues. Chemicals considered or listed under proposition 65: Di-n-hexyl phthalate (DnHP). Retrieved from http://www.chemhat.org/en/chemical/68359-37-5/baythroid, [83] Abou-Donia, M. B., Wilmarth, K. R., Jensen, K. F., Oehme, F. W., & Kurt, T. L. (1996).
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