In the east, Russia was given part of Poland and Prussia was given a part of Saxony. Germania is generally shown wearing a crown of oak leaves as the German oak stands for heroism.  Hence the rebellions start struggling so as to win back independence. A national assembly announced Republic. A1- a) Giuseppe Mazzini: Giuseppe Mazzini was born in Genoa in 1807. • The Act of Union (1707) – united Scotland and England and “the United Kingdom of Great Britain” was formed. All people are presumed innocent until proven guilty. ... NCERT Social Science - History India and the Contemporary World 2 Class 10 CBSE. The ruling elite thought that they would get political dominance and economic development after unification of Italy. 11. (i) Liberalism in the economic sphere stood for the freedom of markets and the abolition of state- imposed restrictions on the movement of goods and capital. (iv) In Poland, nationalist feelings were kept alive through music and language. He was perhaps the most celebrated of Italian freedom fighters. He, however, died on June 6, 1861, before the completion of the unification of Italy in 1870. (ii) The fear of repression drove many liberal nationalists underground. 2.) These clubs were associations of people who were inspired and motivated by the ideas of nationalist writers like Voltaire and Rousseau. If we talk about Italy, it was divided into various parts. Nationalism is an ideology and movement that promotes the interests of a particular nation, especially with the aim of gaining and maintaining the nation’s sovereignty over its homeland. Question 7. He is considered, with Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour, Victor Emmanuel II of Italy and Giuseppe Mazzini, as one of Italy's "fathers of the fatherland". Describe any three economic hardships faced by Europe in the 1830s. In 1861 Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed king of united Italy. CBSE Class 10 History Chapter 1 The Rise of Nationalism in Europe - Detailed explanation of the chapter ‘The Rise of Nationalism in Europe’ along with question answers. englishacademy.successcds.net. Although the Ottoman Empire tried hard to strengthen itself during the nineteenth century, by modernization and internal reforms it could not succeed. This has been done to depict the fraternity. A series of states were set up on the boundaries of France to prevent French expansion in future. ‘Culture played an important role in creating the idea of the nation in Europe’. Even in France when French revolution took place and people were granted the right of equality before the law, the right to vote was not given to everyone. (ii) Prussia then took the charge of German unification. For example, there were Bohemians and Slovaks in the north, Slovenes in Carniola, Croats in the south, Roumans to the east in Transylvania. Question 22. He has also painted Christ, saints and angels who are gazing the scene from heavens. This cultural movement carried by the poets, writers and artists came to be known as Romanticism. Cavour led the movement to unite the separate states of nineteenth-century Italy. Napoleon was a French statesman and military leader who came to power in France. The French revolution brought the concept of nation and nationalism in France. So, they had no right to vote. Which factor helped in the formation of a nation-state in Britain? It promised freedom to the people of France. (iii) Under the leadership of Chief Minister Cavour, Sardinia-Piedmont succeeded in defeating the Austrian forces in 1859. So now the question arises The members of this society were the like- minded young men from Poland, France, Italy and the German states. Mazzini- Giuseppe Mazzini set up a secret society to spread his nationalist sentiments among the like-minded people. Write a short note on the Revolt of 1848 in Germany? In January 1871, William I the Prussian king was proclaimed as the German Emperor in a ceremony held at Versailles. To begin with, we should first discuss the painting made by Frederic Sorrieu in 1848. Question 3. Even the people from west Europe who had sympathy for the Greek culture also came forward for their support. The English parliament seized power from the monarchy in 1688 after a conflict. Video Explanation of The Rise of Nationalism in Europe Part 3, Revolutionaries who were mainly educated middle class elites such as professors, school teachers, clerks and members of commercial middle classes started revolutionary activities in many regions of Europe such as the Italian and German states, the provinces of the Ottoman Empire, Ireland and Poland. CBSE Notes Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 1 The Rise of Nationalism in Europe by Experienced Teacher. OR He was known for his diplomacy. Question 1. It led to the erection of barricades in the city and Louis Philippe had to leave the city. However, the illiterate Italian population remained unaware of Liberal-nationalist ideology. On the other hand, England was far more advanced in the area of usage of machinery. This led to the forceful entry of the weavers into the contractor’s house where they destroyed and damaged almost everything. Garibaldi- He formed armed volunteers. Q3- Who was Marianne and Germania? These people had nothing in common. Three wars were fought in the time span of seven years with Austria, Denmark, and France. What was the Act of Union, 1707? Nineteenth century liberals also laid stress upon the right to property. Why was Zollverein formed? Even the peasants that lived in these areas were from different ethnic groups. Question 5. The delegates drew up the Treaty of Vienna of 1815 which reversed most of the changes that came in Europe during the Napoleonic wars (1799-1815). The revolts led by the Catholics were suppressed by the British dominance. (iii) Bismarck fought three wars over seven years with Denmark (Danish-Prussian War 1864), Austria (Austro-Prussian War 1866) and France (France-Prussian War 1870-71). He brought many changes to make an efficient administrative system. The major population comprised of peasants. Following were the features of this code: (function (w, d) { for (var i = 0, j = d.getElementsByTagName("ins"), k = j[i]; i < j.length; k = j[++i]){ Question 2. In France, the female figure which was used to describe nation was given the name of Marianne. Railways were developed that harnessed economic interests to national unification. So, now we know that the unification of Germany took place because of the military expedition led by the powerful Prussia region. In 1861, Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed king of united Italy. It established equality before the law and secured the right to property. Many students and other members of educated middle-class from the different cities of Europe began setting up these clubs. Ideas of the fatherland and the citizen that emphasized on the idea of a united community enjoying equal rights under a constitution. He simplified administrative divisions in the Dutch Republic, in Switzerland, Italy and Germany. Ways past the statue of Liberty are the United States and Switzerland which were already nation- states by then. View Solution play_arrow; ... What statement is this caricature making? Let’s check this. All this started during French revolution where artists used the female allegory to represent ideas like Liberty, Justice and the Republic. Let’s see this, The rise of Nationalism in europe - Italy Unified. Q5- What changes did Napoleon introduce to make the administrative system more efficient in the territories ruled by him? The rise of food prices or a year of bad harvest added their misery. But all these events and processes came up with the idea or organizing societies into ‘nation-states’ that were accepted as natural and universal. ((w.adpushup = w.adpushup || {}).control = (w.adpushup.control || [])).push(k); Write a short note on unification of Italy 2 See answers sneha2022 sneha2022 Unification of Italy is described below: 1. The demand for zollverein was first made by Prussia. Romantic artists and poets were the criticizers of reason and Science. What is its significance? In this page, you can find CBSE Class 10 History Chapter 1 Extra Questions and Answers The Rise of Nationalism in Europe Pdf free download, NCERT Extra Questions for Class 10 Social Science will make your practice complete. This came to be known as Congress of Vienna. The Estates General was elected by the body of active citizens and renamed the National Assembly. The liberal revolutionaries overthrew the Bourbon Kings and at its place a constitutional monarchy with Louis Philippe as its head was established. 1. ‘Napoleon was a great administrator’. The union abolished tariff barriers and reduced the number of currencies from over thirty to two. A central administrative system made uniform laws of the entire nation. They focussed on emotions, intention and mystical feelings. What did conservatives believe? In what sense the anti-imperial movements that developed in many countries of the world were nationalist? Victor Emmanuel’s chief minister Cavour supported him wholeheartedly in this task. The parliament never paid attention to the demands of peasants therefore it never got any support from them. This brought about a sense of unity and equality among all. The following page provides you NCERT book solutions for Class 10 social science, social science Class 10 notes in pdf are also available in the related links between the texts.. II. Not only this, the Italian language was not a common form and had many regional and local variations. They tried to create a sense of collective heritage, a common cultural past, as the basis of a nation. d) Frankfurt Parliament: An all German assembly was formed that comprised of middle-class professionals, businessmen and prosperous artists. However, the illiterate Italian population remained unaware of Liberal-nationalist ideology. The weavers of Silesia revolted against the contractors. A centralized administrative system was put in place. But before that we need to understand the composition of Europe that was divided into various kingdoms, the Dutchies and Cantons were ruled by those rulers who had their autonomous territories. Jacobin clubs became a great success. He led many successful campaigns during French revolutionary wars and was able to conquer vast parts of Europe. Literary movement This resulted in the formation of the ‘United Kingdom of Great Britain’. Hence, the rebellious nationalities in the Balkans thought of their struggles as attempts to win back their independence. One such revolution was the educated middle classes of the European countries. Its chief minister Otto von Bismarck proved to be the architect of this process. It took a long time to unite Germany into one country and the credit goes to Bismarck. What was the importance of the way in which they were portrayed? (iv) The document is about how people should live together in society, and it has had an impact on people all over the world. Following this many people, for example, the clergy in Poland began to use the Polish language as their weapon of resistance against the Russians. Though it didn’t remain as independent a territory artists such as Karol kurpinski were able to to+9 national feelings alive in the hearts of the common people through their artwork. However, it was opposed by the aristocrats and military. Some of the measures taken by the revolutionaries are as follows: Not only this, the French revolutionaries made it their mission to spread the idea of nationalism and to help Europeans liberate themselves from dictatorship. How did the local people in the areas conquered by Napoleon react to French rule? During this period, there was intense rivalry among the European powers over trade and colonies. An area known as the Balkans emerged as the most desired area to fulfill the imperialist goals by the Europeans. The conservative rule formed in 1815 was oppressive. As we have already read that Giuseppe Mazzini, one of the great revolutionaries of Italy had tried to unify Italy during the 1830s. Later on German states also joined Prussia with the same demand. He was neither a revolutionary nor a democrat. Eastern and central Europe was under autocratic kingdoms within the territories of which lived diverse people. What do you mean by this? But when it became clear that the new administrative arrangements did not go hand in hand with political freedom, the local people turned to hostility. The system must accept sovereignty and a representative government. Sardinia-Piedmont under its ruler King Victor Emmanuel II to unify the Italian states through war. The notion of Nationalism did not come because of wars and territorial expansion only, Culture also played a significant role in creating awareness about the importance of nationalism. They tried to create a sense of collective heritage, a common cultural past, as the basis of a nation. The Treaty of Constantinople recognised Greece as an independent nation. What was the main intention behind ‘Treaty of Vienna of 1815’? Video Explanation of Lesson The Rise of Nationalism in Europe Part 2. The members of these clubs believed in the ideals of liberty, equality and fraternity and rose to oppose and overthrow the French monarchical system and unshackle the middle and lower classes. It took a long time to unite Germany into one country and the credit goes to Bismarck. Even the British parliament was dominated by the English members. Question 1. It was based on the following beliefs: (i) Conservatives believed that established, traditional institutions of state and society like the monarchy, the church, social hierarchies, etc. In revolutionary France, which marked the first political experiment in liberal democracy, the right to vote and to get elected was granted exclusively to property-owning men. Question 20. Describe the events of French Revolution which had influenced the people belonging to other parts of Europe. He simplified administrative divisions in the. Answer: German unification was a long and complicated process. As we have already read that there was a widespread nationalist feeling among the middle-class Germans during 1848. The formation of Britain was the result of a long process. Ans. Economically, this ideology propagated natural right to property. This country was divided between Catholics and Protestants. Napoleon, after coming into power had destroyed democracy in France, but in administrative field he had incorporated revolutionary principles in order to make the whole system more logical and efficient. The statues of Marianne were erected at various public places. This was to be done through war. (V. Imp) The main aim of these societies was to spread the idea of liberty and nationalism. In the year 1848, food shortage and the increasing problem of unemployment resulted in demonstrations by the peasants in Paris. - taking control of conquered territory ... Was Napoleon for a short time period. So when Napoleon was defeated, European governments decided to establish conservative form of government. Italians were scattered over several dynastic states as well as the multi-national Habsburg Empire. They had also formed their political associations, founded newspapers, and had participated in political meetings and demonstrations. The figure holds a torch in one hand representing enlightenment and a book in the other hand which contains the Charter of the Rights of Man. ... King Victor Emmanuel II was its ruler and Cavour was the Chief Minister. Question 18. In Europe the new middle class saw liberalism as freedom for the individual and equality of all before the law. He has shown shattered remains of absolutist institutions on the ground. On one side Conservatives were trying to become more powerful and on the other side the revolutionaries were attempting hard to bring liberalism and nationalism in Europe. Mazzini didn’t want Italy to be a patchwork of small states and kingdoms. Answer: Answer: Not only poems and stories played a crucial role in developing the national sentiments among the people but language also played a greater part in it. Various artists and poets took help of their poems, stories and music to express and shape nationalist feelings. However this group was small in number. Each power was keen on countering the hold of other powers over the Balkans, and extending its own control over the area. This resulted in the imprisonment of a large number of priests and bishops. From then on Prussia emerged as a powerful leader that unified Germany. The Congress of Vienna was held in 1815. They were part of every political meetings and demonstrations. The symbols of the new Britain- the British flag (union jack), the national anthem (God Save our Noble King), the English language were promoted and the older nations were left to survive as the subordinates. Answer: Question 11. Special Course by English Academy Experts - 55 Lessons, 40 Tests for Everyone in CBSE Class 6 to 10 Students - Check out Special Offer Explain any three beliefs of the conservatism that emerged after 1815. As we know that the February revolution of 1848 in France had resulted in the removal of the monarch and the establishment of a republic with universal male suffrage. Following the defeat of Napoleon in 1815, European governments were driven by a spirit of conservatism. Ans : (b) Victor Emmanuel II 12. In Galicia the aristocrats spoke Polish. (iv) The Balkan peoples used history and national identity to prove that they had once been independent but had subsequently been subjugated by foreign powers. Answer: Population from rural areas migrated to the cities to live in overcrowded slums. Later on Mazzini founded two more underground societies namely Young Italy in Marseilles and Young Europe in Berne. He was a French artist who prepared a series of four prints in 1848 visualising his dream of a world made up of‘democratic and social Republics’. Let’s find out, The Romantic Imagination and National Feeling. German unification was a long and complicated process. A centralised administrative system was put in place and it formulated uniform laws for all citizens within its territory. This demand results in the formation of a customs union or zollverein. Name them. Even censorship laws were imposed on newspapers, books, plays and songs that favored the idea of liberty and freedom associated with the French Revolution. It would make state power more effective and strong. Metternich described him as ‘the most dangerous enemy of our social order’. During the middle of the nineteenth century, Italy was divided into seven states -Sardinia Piedmont, Lombardy, Venetia, Parma, Modena, Tuscany, Papal state and Kingdom of the Both Sicilies. Q5- What changes did Napoleon introduce to make the administrative system more efficient in the territories ruled by him? The Estates General was renamed the National Assembly. The Rise of Nationalism in Europe. For example, Marianne was shown with red hat which was a symbol of Liberty and Germania wears a crown made up of oak leaves as the German oak stands for heroism. (Imp) Germany- Can the Army be the Architect of a Nation? 1. Video Explanation of Lesson The Rise of Nationalism in Europe, Part 1 - The French Revolution and the idea of the Nation. Answer: This was done to remind the public of the national symbol of unity. How had revolutionaries spread their ideas in many European states after 1815? This means that it was ruled by an absolute monarchy. Liberal-nationalits mainly belong to which class? “Equality before law did not stand for universal suffrage in France after the revolution.” Explain with suitable examples. During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries artists tried to give a face to the nation. Another uprising was seen in 1845 in Silesia. People of rural areas started migrating to the cities in search of work. All of them had different languages and were from different ethnic groups. Who elected the ‘National Assembly’ in France? Explain any three economic hardships that Europe faced in the 1830s. Thus with the new arrangement some territorial changes were seen such as the kingdom of the Netherlands, which included Belgium, was set up in the north and Genoa was added to Piedmont in the south. Answer: A4- the nationalist feelings started developing during 1800s among the middle class Germans. Mazzini’s non-stop opposition towards monarchy and his vision of bringing democratic republics was a reason of fear among many conservatives. 10. Though everyone was fighting for liberalism and the right to vote the issue of extending political rights to women was still controversial. He opposed monarchy and favoured democratic republics. Napoleon was a great administrator. In the areas conquered by Napoleon, the reactions of the local populations to French rule were mixed. How did culture play an important role in creating the idea of the nation in Europe? The major European powers tried to take advantage of this in realizing their goal of imperialism. (ii) The revolution proclaimed that it was the people who would henceforth constitute the nation and shape its destiny. What did it mean to be revolutionary in early nineteenth-century Europe? The final result of these changes was the coming up of the nation-state in place of the multinational dynastic empires of Europe. The Rise of Nationalism in Europe - The Revolutionaries They were the owners of estates in the villages and also big houses. He was also a member of Mazzini’s Young Italy movement and participated in a republican uprising in Piedmont in 1834. Why were secret societies established in many European states? (iii) French revolutionaries declared that it was their mission to liberate the peoples of Europe from despotism and help them to become nations. Related - MCQs For The Rise of Nationalism in Europe Important Question Class 10. They took pride in their clothing which was loose and mostly of the colours of the French National flag blue, white and red. Later on when Napoleon came into power and he introduced Napoleonic code in 1804 ,the right of suffrage was limited back to few members of society. In January 1871, the Prussian king, William I was proclaimed German Emperor. Different groups of society were facing problems for example the small businessmen such as the textile producers had to bear the brunt of tough market competition because of the cheap goods that were imported from England. This chapter will deal with various issues that were visualized by Sorrieu in his painting. Support the statement with suitable examples. Question 19. During this time period the Western parts and Central Europe experienced industrial growth. The Act of Union between England and Scotland that resulted in the formation of the ‘United Kingdom of Great Britain’ meant, that England was able to impose its influence on Scotland. It abolished the feudal system and freed peasants from serfdom and manorial dues. Mazzini’s vision of democratic republics frightened the conservatives. The Rise of Nationalism in Europe - During the last quarter of the nineteenth century, a new political change was noticed. It refers to a female figure signifying liberty. Answer: European ideas of nationalism were not seen being repeated anywhere as people everywhere had their own concept of nationalism. Men without property and women were excluded from this. They were Germany, Italy, Poland, The Austro-Hungarian Empire, and so on. The royal flag was replaced by a new tricolor flag. The regions with European subjects under its control began to separate away from it and formed up as independent states. Jacobin clubs were political clubs that came into existence during the French Revolution. The July revolution led to an uprising in Brussels which resulted in the separation of Belgium from the United Kingdom of the Netherlands (Oct. 4 1830). In the beginning everything seemed good. They started curbing down the activities against them. victorious and with it the process of unification completed. The custom union abolished the tariff barriers and reduced the number of currencies from thirty to two. In the 19th century, the French artists symbolised the French nation as : (a) Marianne, a popular Christian name for women What was the major change that occurred in the political and constitutional scenario due to French Revolution in Europe? (v) Language too played an important role in developing nationalist sentiments. In his utopian vision (vision of an ideal society that is unlikely to actually exist) he has described a group of people from different nations walking together towards statue of Liberty. Answer: Giuseppe Garibalidi was an Italian general, politician and nationalist who played a large role in the history of Italy.He is considered one of the greatest generals of modern times and one of Italy's "father of the forefather" along with Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour, Victor Emmanuel 2 of Italy and Giuseppe Mazzini. English Parliament seized power from Monarchy. (ii) Romanticists chose folk songs, folk poetry and folk dances to popularise the true spirit of the nation. Answer: Giuseppe Mazzini. Today, we all live in a democratic nation and believe in Nationalism. Who was Johann Gottfried Herder? Explain with examples. He never favored liberalism and democracy. Explain the contribution of Otto von Bismarck in German unification. Internal customs duties and dues were abolished. Question 9. For that we have to first understand how the society at these places was divided and what were the issues faced by the common people. They drafted a constitution for German nation which was to be headed by a monarch subject to the parliament. But parallel to these groups some more groups had also initiated a revolution in their own way. But what happened next? The Estates General was elected by the body of active citizens and renamed the National Assembly. It tried its best to unify Germany under the leadership of Friedrich Wilhem IV, King of Prussia. But they were not idle. Who hosted this? Uniform laws for all citizens were formulated. Nationalism no longer retained its idealistic liberal- democratic sentiment of the first half of the century. (i) 1860 to 1871 (ii) 1870 to 1871 (iii) 1856 to 1871 (iv) 1866 to 1871. Only the men with property had the right to vote. So, that there could be smooth movement of goods, people and capital from one region to another. Which class promoted the idea of national unity in Europe? Question 24. A major event that served for inculcating the nationalist feelings among the educated elite across Europe was the Greek war of independence. Soon England imposed its influence on Scotland. It is so because all of them were struggling to form independent nation-states and had a sense of collective national unity. (v) Mazzini set up two more underground societies, first, Young Italy in Marseilles, and then, Young Europe in Bireuen, whose members were like-minded young men from Poland, France, Italy and the German States. He abolished the feudal system and freed peasants from serfdom and manorial dues. In towns too, guild restrictions were removed. In May 1848, various political associations convened the Frankfurt parliament. In 1831, an armed rebellion against Russian rule took place which was crushed. Liberal middle classes comprising of both men and women started demanding a constitution with national unification. All this will be answered in this chapter. Karol used to celebrate the national struggle through his operas and music. They were highly intolerant towards criticism and disagreement. (v) The Balkan states were fiercely jealous of each other and each hoped to gain more territory at the expense of the others. Moreover, there were people who spoke different languages. Question 7. VERY SHORT ANSWERS:- So what is imperialism? Transport and communication systems were also improved. The Age of Revolutions: 1830-1848 Prussia emerged as Ireland also has a similar story. These groups had their own culture and political traditions. Here is the complete explanation of the lesson “The Rise of Nationalism in Europe” , along with all the exercises, Important Question and Answers given at the back of the lesson. Only one, Sardinia-Piedmont, was under an Italian Princely house. He became a member of the secret society of the Carbonari. If we talk about Italy, it took a long and complicated.... 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