The developing nations, obviously, have certain unmistakable characteristics of their own, resulting from the nature of the particular region and the natural dispositions of their citizens, with their time-honored traditions and customs. In the weight and scope of his arguments, and in the forcefulness of their expression, Pope Leo XIII can have but few rivals. Necessity, therefore, and justice demand that all such technical and financial aid be given without thought of domination, but rather for the purpose of helping the less developed nations to achieve their own economic and social growth. Every precaution was to be taken to prevent the civil authority from intervening in any way in economic matters. 171. 137. 1878-1903), XI.Pius (ur. 195. It becomes a means whereby the Christian way of life can leaven this civilization in which we live and work—leaven it with the ferment of the Gospel. Our predecessors have insisted time and again on the social function inherent in the right of private ownership, for it cannot be denied that in the plan of the Creator all of this world's goods are primarily intended for the worthy support of the entire human race. 170. Finally, they fail to take account of that deep-rooted sense of religion which exists in all men everywhere, and which nothing, neither violence nor cunning, can eradicate. 96. 189. It is discernible too in the subsequent legislation of a number of States. 216. Private enterprise too must contribute to an economic and social balance in the different areas of the same political community. "Amen, I say to you, as long as you did it to one of these my least brethren, you did it to me." (11), 33. 110. Pope Pius XI further emphasized the fundamental opposition between Communism and Christianity, and made it clear that no Catholic could subscribe even to moderate Socialism. Secondly, there are areas of varying economic prosperity within the same political communities. In an economic world of this character, it was the might of the strongest which not only arrogated to itself the force of law, but also dominated the ordinary business relationships between individuals, and thereby undermined the whole economic structure. But here, too, the "principle of subsidiary function" must be observed. For true Christians cannot help feeling obliged to improve their own temporal institutions and environment. Our purpose, therefore, is not merely to commemorate in a fitting manner the Leonine encyclical, but also to confirm and make more specific the teaching of Our predecessors, and to determine clearly the mind of the Church on the new and important problems of the day. Mater et magistra is the encyclical written by Pope John XXIII on the topic of "Christianity and Social Progress". This development in the social life of man is at once a symptom and a cause of the growing intervention of the State, even in matters which are of intimate concern to the individual, hence of great importance and not devoid of risk. AAS 46 (1954) 10. (28), 77. (24) "This is a fundamental principle of social philosophy, unshaken and unchangeable. Indeed, in accordance with "the principle of subsidiary function," public authority must encourage and assist private enterprise, entrusting to it, wherever possible, the continuation of economic development. in the political sphere, the breakdown of colonialism, independence for many states in Asia and Africa, and an increasing network of international organizations. Consequently, a purely theoretical instruction in man's social and economic obligations is inadequate. Istruzione sulla Santa Romana Chiesa Cattolica Consigli per raggiungere ...il Paradiso! They were either forbidden, tolerated, or recognized as having private legal personality only. 191. They are necessary, finally, if farm workers are to have their proper voice in political circles and in public administration. This attitude is contagious, especially when it infects the work that is being done for the less developed countries, which have often preserved in their ancient traditions an acute and vital awareness of the more important human values, on which the moral order rests. Every nation has its own genius, its own qualities, springing from the hidden roots of its being. 405 409.—Ed.). 72. Which is the right way to pronounce the pernicious? (61) They are thus called to a share in His own divine life; and since they are united in mind and spirit with the divine Redeemer even when they are engaged in the affairs of the world, their work becomes a continuation of His work, penetrated with redemptive power. 83. It is because these ideologies do not take account of the whole man, nor even of his most important part. It is therefore very appropriate, or even necessary, that these public authorities and institutions bring the workers into their discussions, and those who represent the rights, demands and aspirations of the workingmen; and not confine their deliberations to those who merely represent the interests of management. And so the belief is engendered that if a nation is to assert its rights and pursue its own interests, there is only one way open to it: to have recourse to violence; ignoring the fact that violence is the source of the very greatest evils. Nevertheless, in some of these lands the enormous wealth, the unbridled luxury, of the privileged few stands in violent, offensive contrast to the utter poverty of the vast majority. But others too, men of good will from every nation in the world, were impelled, under pressure of human necessity, to pursue the same course. In short, it should be a policy designed to promote useful employment, enterprising initiative, and the exploitation of local resources. Their rate of pay is quite inadequate to meet the basic needs of life. It was not, of course, the first occasion on which the Apostolic See had come out strongly in defence of the earthly interests of the poor; indeed, Leo himself h ad made other pronouncements which in a sense had prepared the way for his encyclical. Human rights promotion is an indispensable mission of the Church. This has been her course now for nigh on two thousand years, from the early ministrations of her deacons right down to the present time. 118. making the assistance they give an excuse for forcing these people into their own national mold. AAS 36 (1944) 253. 132. There is the lure of novelty and adventure which has taken such a hold on the present generation, the attractive prospect of easy money, of greater freedom and the enjoyment of all the amenities of town and city life. There is a sureness of touch in all his activity in every field. If this can be achieved, then a precious contribution will have been made to the formation of a world community, in which each individual nation, conscious of its rights and duties, can work on terms of equality with the rest for the attainment of universal prosperity. It is also true that more and more people today, through belonging to insurance groups and systems of social security, find that they can face the future with confidence—the sort of confidence which formerly resulted from their possession of a certain amount of property. The title means "mother and teacher", referring to the role of the church. It is equally important that the government take the proper steps regarding their training, taxation, credit, social security and insurance. Yet, even so, in isolation from the rest of the world they are quite incapable of finding an adequate solution to their major problems. 211. 108. He bestowed on the Church in that encyclical of His vicar on earth, and to praise Him for the lifegiving breath of the Spirit which through it, in ever-growing measure from that time on, has blown on all mankind.'' It makes it possible for the individual to exercise many of his personal rights, especially those which we call economic and social and which pertain to the necessities of life, health care, education on a more extensive and improved basis, a more thorough professional training, housing, work, and suitable leisure and recreation. No age but hears her warning voice, vibrant with heavenly wisdom. 40. The demands of the common good on the international level include: the avoidance of all forms of unfair competition between the economies of different countries; the fostering of mutual collaboration and good will; and effective co-operation in the development of economically less advanced communities. Then, too, the Catholics of the wealthier States are doing all they can to increase the effectiveness of the social and economic work that is being done for the poorer nations. 14. Probably the most difficult problem today concerns the relationship between political communities that are economically advanced and those in the process of development. As Our Predecessor Pius XII observed with evident justification: "Likewise the national economy, as it is the product of the men who work together in the community of the State, has no other end than to secure without interruption the material conditions in which the individual life of the citizens may fully develop. 17. It in no way corresponds to the contribution they make to the good of the community, to the profits of the company for which they work, and to the general national economy. 246. What are these demands? In Our view, therefore, formal instruction, to be successful, must be supplemented by the students' active co-operation in their own training. They can therefore be instrumental in reducing imbalances between the different classes of citizens. She is ever powerful to offer suitable, effective remedies for the increasing needs of men, and the sorrows and anxieties of this present life. It is a charity which combines the precepts and practice of mutual love. On the contrary, all forms of economic enterprise must be governed by the principles of social justice and charity. 66. She is mother enough to befriend such projects with her prayers." (25). One for the state, its whole raison d'etre is the undying issue of the Reproductive Bill... 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