These have special properties and features which improve quality of construction as per requirement. The structural Engineer of … There are various methods of repair and retrofitting for earthquake damaged masonry structures in different categories. The project added trusses on each side and replaced the existing traffic lanes with 3 widened lanes and shoulders. The main span is 2,375 feet long in 4 spans. The widening scope included over 17,000 tons of structural steel, and extensive retrofitting of the existing trusses to … In addition to resisting damage from flood waters, these materials are relatively easy to clean after flood waters have receded. retrofitting for potential scour activity and lateral load forces from hurricane force winds. Despite the higher cost, concrete’s strength, durability, and fire resistance don’t go unnoticed by insurance underwriters. materials as concrete, stone, masonry block, ceramic and clay tile, pressure-treated and naturally decay-resistant lumber, epoxy paints, and metal. We've led seismic retrofits of simple-span to long-span bridges, including some of the most recognizable in the U.S. FRP systems have also been successfully used for seismic upgrading of concrete structures. Steel is cheaper than concrete and faster to erect, but comes with a longer lead time. Typically, insurance companies give concrete structures higher safety rankings and lower premiums on their policies. FRP systems provide a very practical tool for strengthening and retrofit of concrete structures, and are appropriate for: Flexural strengthening, Shear strengthening, and; Column confinement and ductility improvement. Protecting Service Equipment Mixture of Portland cement and water is called as paste. Various types of concrete are manufactured these days for construction of buildings and structures. Green building (also known as green construction or sustainable building) refers to both a structure and the application of processes that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's life-cycle: from planning to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and demolition. In regions where earthquakes are a concern, owners can modify existing structures to make them more resistant to seismic activity, ground motion or soil failure that can accompany earthquakes. The structure sits on a shallow foundation system consisting of a 4’ high 10” thick stem wall and a 4’ wide 12” thick spread footing with three #5 reinforcement bars (Grade 60). Components of concrete are cement, sand, aggregates and water. Components of Concrete.
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